Development of the drought tolerant variety sahbhagi dhan. Plants have evolved to have sophisticated adaptation mechanisms to cope with drought stress by reprograming transcriptional networks through drought responsive transcription factors. The evaluation of drought tolerance based on the leaf temperature was examined in upland rice breeding. To breed droughttolerant rice cultivars, at least two factors. Drought is the leading threat to agricultural food production, especially in the cultivation of rice, a semiaquatic plant.
Overexpression of osnac14 improves drought tolerance in rice. Drought resistance in rice from conventional to molecular. The results from immunoblotting using a methionine sulfoxide antibody and nanolcmsms spectrometry. An in silico strategy was then deployed to mine for candidate genes associated with dt qtls using rice dbest and rice genome databases. In this study, the role of salicylic acid sa to induce drought tolerance in aromatic fine grain rice cultivar basmati 2000 was evaluated. Rice production normally requires large amounts of water. However, there has not been much functional characterization and mechanism clarification in rice. Dt qtls on rice chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 8, and 9 were selected to test the. Effect of reduced plant height on drought tolerance in rice.
Rice is mostly grown in hydrological conditions and limited success for drought tolerance was achieved through conventional approaches due to the lack of available donors in the rice gene pool to improve drought tolerance, which is a complex polygenic trait. Morphological and molecular genetic consideration article pdf available in plant growth regulation 502. A rice mutant line mt58 was developed after mutagenesis of cv. Molecular genetic analyses detected a number of quantitative trait loci that affect the components related to drought tolerance, including grain production, shoot and root morphology, and leaf water status. Pdf overexpression of osnac14 improves drought tolerance in. Rice varieties differ greatly in their tolerance to drought. Os3bglu6 was responsive to drought and aba treatments, and the protein was localized to the chloroplast. Pdf drought resistance is defined as the ability of a plant to produce its maximum economic product under waterdeficit environmental conditions. The irrigation control was performed by tensiometer sets. Neda by ethyl methane sulfonate ems and selected for dwarfism 18 cm shorter than neda. A new method for evaluating the drought tolerance of upland.
Drought tolerance in some of red rice line based on morphology at vegetative stage. In fact, means of effectively and accurately evaluating the drought tolerance of rice in the field has become a key point for droughttolerance breeding. Drought induced os3bglu6 to form dimers, and the degree of polymerization correlated well with the increase in cellular aba concentrations and drought tolerance in rice. The plant response is complex and difficult to understand unless a thorough study of the genetic and physiological bases of these responses is conducted. Survival rate has also frequently been used to evaluate rice drought tolerance 22, 23, with a low survival. The impact of these new plant types will depend both on their drought and weed tolerance, and the acceptability and adoption of new plant types by farmers. Based on past studies, the amount of water delivered to rice fields varies widely i. As an important indicator of drought resistance in rice, higher leaf water potential lwp is considered as the antidehydration mechanism, and. Rice is considered to be a vital crop target for improving drought stress tolerance. Temporal responses of conserved mirnas to drought and. Oswrky30 is activated by map kinases to confer drought.
Frontiers characterization of transcription factor gene. L is the staple food for half of the worlds population. Referring to this common use of things, a voluminous literature emerged refuting and rebutting in particular the deterministic claim made by hardin 1968. The impact of these new plant types will depend both on their drought and weedtolerance, and the acceptability and adoption of new plant types by farmers. Drought is a serious problem, which causes heavy yield losses for rice. Abstractabout onethird of the worlds rice area is in rainfed lowlands and most are prone to. Nam, ataf12, and cuc2 nac transcription factors are known to be associated with various developmental processes and stress tolerance.
Genetically, drought tolerance of rice is a complex trait under polygenic control, and involves complex morpho. A consortium of rhizobacterial strains and biochemical. Physiological, morphological and molecular mechanisms for. The present investigation was conducted at the rice research and training center rrtc,sakha, kafrelsheikh, egypt, during 2014 and 2015 growing seasons to evaluate some root characters of some rice genotypes for drought and wellwatered conditions.
Estimation of drought tolerance based on leaf temperature. Due to bidirectional selection in upland rice, it possesses better droughtresistance but lower productivity. Chloroplastic os3bglu6 contributes significantly to cellular. Jan 25, 2018 traditional varieties and landraces belonging to the austype group of rice oryza sativa l. The experiments were conducted at namulonge, uganda, from 2006 to 2009. A drought resistance test on transgenic plants showed that camsrb2 confers drought tolerance to rice, as evidenced by less oxidative stress symptoms and a strengthened psii quantum yield under stress conditions, and increased survival rate and chlorophyll index after the rewatering. Pdf rice is one of the most important food crop drastically affected by drought in.
In the majority of the progenies, a monogenic inheritance pattern for the drought tolerance character was observed. The present study was carried out to evaluate the drought tolerance of various rice genotypes with a wide. Rice tends to be more sensitive to drought stress than other crops. Dst drought and salt tolerance has a negative impact on drought tolerance in rice through the regulation of genes involved in aba signaling and ros homeostasis x. A novel gene, osahl1, containing an athook motif and a ppc domain was identified through genomewide profiling and analysis of mrnas by comparing the microarray of droughtchallenged versus. In higher plants, nceds have been shown to be key enzymes controlling aba biosynthesis and belong to a differentially expressed gene family. Genetic studies on drought tolerance and grain shattering. Because rice cultivation is dependent on water availability, drought during flowering severely affects grain yield. Genotypingbysequencing based qtl mapping for rice grain.
This article is from journal of experimental botany, volume 63. In his tragedy of the commons, hardin had claimed that resource users become stuck in an inexorable tragedy of overuse of resources, from which it followed. Water response of upland rice varieties adopted in subsaharan. Drought stress is the most important constraint limiting rice production in most rainfed systems worldwide. A new method for evaluating the drought tolerance of upland rice. Drought resistancetolerance has to be researchable, breakable into simpler levels e. Using two austype dular, n22 and two drought intolerant irrigated varieties ir64, ir74 an untargeted metabolomics analysis was. Rice oshsfa3 gene improves drought tolerance by modulating. Osnac14, transgenic rice, drought tolerance, rnasequencing, chip. Many studies were done in the development of drought stresstolerant transgenic plants, including crop plants. The relationships of the leaf temperature with the transpiration and photosynthetic rates were observed in upland and lowland rice varieties under upland cultivation in 1995, 1996 and 1997. Altered architecture and enhanced drought tolerance in.
If that is the case, then what is the least amount of water i can grow rice with without hurting yields. Exploring traditional austype rice for metabolites. Zfp179 plays a crucial role in the plant response to salt stress and increased the ros scavenging ability sun et al. A pepper msrb2 gene confers drought tolerance in rice through. Heatshock factors hsfs had been implicated in tolerance to drought and high temperature. Incorporating drought tolerance as a rice breeding objective. Drought tolerance is an important quantitative trait with multipart phenotypes that are often further complicated by plant phenology. Rice growth under drought kinase is required for drought.
Improvement of drought tolerance in rice oryza sativa l. Water is the most important factor limiting crop productivity. Qtls for rice grain yield under reproductive stage drought stress qdty identified earlier with low density markers have shown linkage drag and need to be fine mapped before their utilization in. They are genetically engineered plants that are developed by using genes that encode proteins involved in drought. Genetically, drought tolerance of rice is a complex trait under polygenic control, and involves complex morphophysiological mechanisms li and xu, 2007. In 2012, when the paddy crop was hit by drought, sahbhagi dhan revealed the yield advantage of more than a t ha1, which reduced to 0. Downloaded by university of western australia at 00. To increase the drought tolerance of rice oryza sativa l. Drought resistance tolerance has to be researchable, breakable into simpler levels e. Developing methods to select for drought tolerance in rainfed lowland rice. The physiological basis of drought tolerance in crop.
Drought tolerance in upland rice 203 acta scientiarum. Genetically, drought tolerance in rice is a complex trait which. A consortium of rhizobacterial strains and biochemical growth. How to map the drought tolerance traits in rice using the qtl mapping is explained in this video. Traditional varieties and landraces belonging to the austype group of rice oryza sativa l. In addition, the function of transcriptional activation of oswrky30 was impaired after sp. Drought stress encumbers the rice growth predominantly by oxidative damage to biological membranes and disturbed tissue water status.
Panicle water potential, a physiological trait to identify drought. Bidirectional selection retains higher genetic diversity, alleles in advantage of drought resistance, and ecotypespecific recombinant genotypes in upland rice, which makes. Oct 21, 2019 osnac5overexpressing rice also enhanced drought tolerance and increased grain yields under drought conditions. Describe screening methods that are practical for rainfed rice breeding programs. The primary objective of this study was to develop a new method to evaluate readily and rapidly the drought. Based on our preevaluation and estimations in this study, genotype s3, s11, and s28 possess better drought tolerance, while genotype s9, s18, and s24 are susceptible to drought. The level of susceptibility or tolerance of rice to several drought conditions is coordinated by the action of different drought. Drought tolerance in rice was well associated with the accumulation of compatible solutes, maintenance of tissue water potential and enhanced potency of antioxidant system, which improved the integrity of cellular membranes and facilitated the rice plant to sustain photosynthesis and general metabolism. Water availability and drought are becoming major constraints for rice cultivation because of greatly fluctuated and generally reduced rainfall in the majority of rice growing areas worldwide resulting from the global climate change. Drought tolerance in plants is one of the most interesting phenomena in all of biology wood, 2007.
A new method for evaluating the drought tolerance of. Other plants, specifically crops like corn, wheat, and rice, have become increasingly tolerant to drought with. Drought tolerance is a complex quantitative trait with a complicated phenotype that affects different developmental stages in plants. Drought tolerance an overview sciencedirect topics. Drought stress due to water deficit is a major problem of rice cultivation as a most droughtsensitive crop plant. Drought resistance in rice has genomic tradeoffs with productivity by tight linkages andor pleiotropy effects. Pdf advances in drought resistance of rice researchgate. We next compared the drought and salt tolerance of 3weekold tld1d and wildtype rice seedlings and found that the tld1d seedlings were more drought tolerant. In vitro screening for increased drought tolerance in rice springerlink. A novel gene osahl1 improves both drought avoidance and.
Oct 12, 2016 drought stress due to water deficit is a major problem of rice cultivation as a most drought sensitive crop plant. Much transgenic rice showed improved drought stress tolerance was reported to date. Biotech effect of reduced plant height on drought tolerance in rice asadollah ahmadikhah 0 1 amir marufinia 0 1 0 department of plant breeding and biotechnology, gorgan university of agricultural sciences and natural resources, gorgan, iran 1 department of biotechnology, faculty of new technologies, shahid beheshti university, tehran, iran drought stress due to water deficit is a major. Here, we show that the function of a droughtinducible receptorlike cytoplasmic kinase, named growth under drought kinase gudk, is required for grain yield under drought and. Genetic basis of drought resistance at reproductive stage. A pepper msrb2 gene confers drought tolerance in rice.
Overexpression of oswrky30 in rice dramatically increased drought tolerance. Commons as a governance mechanism of shared resources. Atlin gn, lafitte hr 2002 markerassisted breeding versus direct selection for drought tolerance in rice. Saxena np, otoole jc eds field screening for drought tolerance in crop plants with special emphasis on rice. Recent advances in the drought stress tolerance in ricev1. Effect of reduced plant height on drought tolerance in. Overexpression of oswrky30aa, in which all sp serine residue followed by proline residue sites were replaced by ap a, alanine, resulted in no improvement in drought tolerance. In this study, the genetic bases of dt and da at reproductive stage in rice were analyzed using a recombinant inbred line population from a cross between an indica lowland and a tropical japonica upland cultivar. Pdf plant growth and productivity of rice is adversely affected by various biotic and abiotic stress. About 70% of the tld1d seedlings survived 7 d without watering, while only approximately 30% of the wildtype seedlings survived. Drought tolerance is a complex phenomenon involving mechanisms such as early maturity, avoidance, tolerance, and desiccation tolerance blum, 1988. In this study, we functionally characterized the rice drought responsive.
The different influences of drought stress at the flowering stage on. Estimation of drought tolerance based on leaf temperature in. A range of morphological and physiological traits have been linked to drought tolerance in plants, which include root morphology and rooting depth, plant architecture, leaf area, cuticular. To identify the promising drought tolerant rice cultivars, an effort was made in the present study to screen few traditional rice landraces of assam, india, aimed at investigating effect of low water potential on growth. The drought tolerance mechanism is complex, influenced by variations in plant phenology and controlled by several quantitative trait loci qtls. Dt qtls on rice chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 8, and 9 were selected to. Some plants are naturally adapted to dry conditions, surviving with protection mechanisms such as desiccation tolerance, detoxification, or repair of xylem embolism. The presence of conserved regions conferring drought tolerance in upland rice and the high susceptibility of highyielding postgreen revolution varieties provide unique opportunities for plant breeders to move drought tolerance alleles from upland drought tolerant donors to lowland drought susceptible rice varieties. Quantitative trait loci qtls for drought tolerance dt can be readily identified in available databases and in this paper, these qtls were summarized in the form of a consensus map. About 70% of the tld1d seedlings survived 7 d without watering, while only approximately 30% of the wildtype seedlings survived fig. A screening method for drought tolerance in crop plants that fulfills all of these important requirements has eluded researchers to date. The plants were grown individually in pvc pipes and two cycles of.
Heterologous expression of rice 9 cis epoxycarotenoid. Qtls for rice grain yield under reproductive stage drought stress qdty identified earlier with low density markers have shown linkage drag and need to. Clarify the ways in which water shortage reduces grain yield in rice. The direct involvement of farmers in the testing and selection of new plant types should. Overexpression of osnac14 resulted in drought tolerance at the vegetative stage of growth. In fact, means of effectively and accurately evaluating the drought tolerance of rice in the field has become a key point for drought tolerance breeding. After withholding water for 16 days, rice plants treated with bbsb showed 100% survival. Altered architecture and enhanced drought tolerance in rice. Drought tolerance is the ability to which a plant maintains its biomass production during arid or drought conditions.
The primary objective of this study was to develop a new method to evaluate readily and rapidly the drought tolerance of upland rice cultivars at the seedling stage. Osnac5 interacts with oslea3, an abiotic stressinduced gene in rice that plays vital role in drought and salt tolerance jeong et al. Quantitative trait loci for drought tolerance in rice. Thus, the target of our breeding program is the development of cultivars with tolerance of lateseason drought. Drought the major problem for rice drought stress is a serious limiting factor to rice production and yield stability in rainfed areas. In this study, we functionally characterized the rice drought responsive transcription factor osnac14. The six rice genotypes have great differences in drought tolerance, which makes them a good system to study the association of mirnas with drought tolerance. Screening protocols in breeding for drought tolerance in rice. Here, we show that the function of a droughtinducible receptorlike cytoplasmic kinase, named growth under drought kinase gudk, is required for grain yield under drought.
Improving drought tolerance in rainfed lowland rice. The 9cisepoxycarotenoid dioxygenases osnced4 was cloned from rice in conjunction with osnced and 5, of which 3 has been shown to function in aba biosynthesis and alteration of leaf morphology. After a thorough drought tolerance screening of more than rice genotypes from various regions of koraput in our previous study, six rice landraces were selected for drought tolerance capacity. Osnac14 was predominantly expressed at meiosis stage but is induced by drought, high salinity, aba, and low temperature in leaves. Identifying rice varieties and breeding lines with high levels of drought tolerance for use as donors in breeding and gene discovery is one of the main challenges for rice research serraj and atlin, 2008. Pdf drought is the major constraint to rice production in rainfed areas across asia and subsaharan africa. Jongdee, pantuwan, fukai, and fischer 2006 stated that rice varieties that respond well to favorably watered conditions can be developed for improved yield under drought stress if there is early selection for yield under both drought and wellwatered conditions. Genetic basis of drought resistance at reproductive stage in. Rice oryza sativa is the primary food source for more than onehalf of the worlds population. Development of a screening method for drought tolerance in. Information on the drought tolerance of nerica and other upland rice varieties grown in subsaharan africa and. During drought years water deliveries are often restricted. Previously, we found an hsf gene, oshsfa3, was highly related with drought tolerance after screening from 10,000 different samples. Mar 22, 2006 quantitative trait loci qtls for drought tolerance dt can be readily identified in available databases and in this paper, these qtls were summarized in the form of a consensus map.
In general, rice is sensitive to drought due to its high water requirement, but upland and lowland rice varieties range in their tolerance. Jul 25, 2016 a novel gene, osahl1, containing an athook motif and a ppc domain was identified through genomewide profiling and analysis of mrnas by comparing the microarray of droughtchallenged versus. Identification of rice genotypes for water stress condition is one of priority research area therefore, in order to quantify the drought tolerance genotypes, the rate of water response and contribution of yield components due to water availability of. The submergence tolerance regulator sub1a mediates crosstalk. Other plants, specifically crops like corn, wheat, and rice. Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses that delimit rice production and yield especially in rainfed ecosystems. Pdf mechanisms of drought tolerance in rice researchgate. Zinc finger transcriptional repressor confers pleiotropic. Improving the drought tolerance in rice oryza sativa l.
Drought tolerant rice for ensuring food security in eastern. Drought tolerance involves mechanisms operating at different spatial and temporal scales, from rapid stomatal closure to maintenance of crop yield. Drought tolerance dt and drought avoidance da are two major mechanisms in drought resistance of higher plants. In the present study, a consortium of two rhizobacteria bacillus amyloliquefaciens bk7 and brevibacillus laterosporus b4, termed bb, biochemical elicitors salicylic acid and aminobutyric acid sb and their mixture bbsb were investigated for cold and drought stress tolerance in rice plants. The cultivation of abiotic stressresistant rice is therefore important for generating sufficient rice yields and ensuring food security. The demand for drought tolerant genotypes will be exacerbated as water resources and the funds to access them become more limited. June, 2016 water deficit, irrigation was applied when the soil water potential reached 0. Chloroplastic os3bglu6 contributes significantly to.